DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenol)
DNP（2,4-二硝基苯酚）
本文摘錄自ANABOLICS, 10th ed. (William Llewellyn's ANABOLICS)，由Dr. Hykid翻譯
Description:
DNP is one of the most controversial drugs in use by bodybuilders. This agent is not sold for human use anywhere in the world at this time, but is readily available as an industrial chemical. Among other things, it is used as an intermediary for the production of certain dyes, for photographic development, as a fungicide, in wood pressure treatment to prevent rotting, and as an insecticide. It is technically classified as a poison. Although quite incongruous with this list of strong industrial/chemical uses, this chemical was sold during the era of patent medicine as a diet drug for humans. It is this property of dinitrophenol that remains of interest to some bodybuilders today.
描述：
DNP是健美運動員所使用的藥物之中最有爭議的一個。目前這個物質不在世界任何地方銷售，但隨時可以工業化學品的名義被取得。除此之外，它用作生產某些染料的中間媒介，用為攝影改善，在木材壓力處理的過程中作為殺蟲劑，防止腐爛。它在技術上被歸類為毒物。雖然對於這個強大的工業/化學用途清單來說相當衝突，但這種化學物質在醫藥專利時代，作為人類的飲食控制藥物被販賣。二硝基苯酚的這種特性，在今日仍然是一些健美運動員的興趣。
Dinitrophenol induces weight loss by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, thereby markedly increasing the metabolic rate and body temperature . While this is an extremely effective way of producing rapid weight loss, there seems to be no ceiling to DNP’s temperature increasing effect. Herein lies perhaps its most dangerous trait; it may allow body temperature to rise to level that can be damaging, even fatal.
二硝基酚通過去耦合氧化磷酸化反應，誘導體重減輕，從而顯著增加代謝率和體溫。儘管這是一種極為有效的快速減肥方法，但DNP的升溫效果似乎沒有上限。這也許是它最危險的特質;它可能允許身體溫度上升到可能是有害的，甚至致命的水準。
Writer Carl Malmberg made perhaps one of the earliest and most famous quotes about this danger back in the 1930s when he told of a physician who was "literally cooked to death" from using it. This was far from an isolated case, and deaths associated with DNP have continued over the decades. For example, a recent highly publicized story concerns a man that died on Long Island, NY in 2001 after taking DNP for only four days. The dose used was reported to be 600 mg per day, just three 200 mg capsules.
作家卡爾·瑪律伯格（Carl Malmberg）也許是1930年代其中一個最早及最著名提供這種危險的引述之一，當時他告訴一名醫生，使用它就是“字面上的煮到死”。這遠遠不是一個單一的病例，與DNP相關的死亡事件在過去幾十年中持續著。例如，最近一個高度宣傳的故事是涉及到一個男人在2001年，只使用DNP4天之後，在紐約長島死亡。據報告說他使用的劑量是每天600毫克，僅三顆200毫克的膠囊。
History:
The fat-loss properties of DNP were reportedly first noticed during World War I, when overweight men working with DNP in munitions plants started losing substantial amounts of weight. It did not take very long for this chemical to be identified as the cause. Soon after, it was packaged as a drug product. By 1935, more than 100,000 Americans had already used “patent medicine” remedies that included DNP. In fact, DNP was the first synthetic drug that was ever used for weight reduction in this country. While it was available, it was being widely advertised as a new, safe, and effective way to get thin. Popular brand names for DNP included
Dinitriso, Nitromet, Dinitrenal and Alpha Dinitrophenol. At the peak of DNP’s popularity, the drug could be found in pharmacies all across the country.
歷史：
據報導，在第一次世界大戰期間，DNP的消脂屬性首次被注意到，在使用DNP的彈藥工廠中，超重的男子開始大量減重。沒有多久該化學品就被認定是造成的原因。不久之後，它被包裝成藥品。到1935年，已經超過10萬美國人使用包括DNP在內的“專利藥物”。事實上，DNP是在這個國家曾經用於減肥的第一種合成藥物。在可用的時候，它被廣泛宣傳為一種新的，安全和有效的方式來減肥。DNP的熱門品牌名稱有Dinitriso，Nitromet，Dinitrenal和Alpha Dinitrophenol。在DNP受歡迎的高峰期，該藥可以在全國各地的藥局被找到。
While the drug may have worked for the intended purpose, it was also introduced at a time before government review and approval of drug safety. In this regard DNP had some very strong shortcomings, and it didn’t take long for reports of side effects to began pouring in. One such incident involved a dozen women in California who were temporarily blinded by the drug. Numerous reports of DNP-linked cataracts began coming in from as far away as France and Italy. It was said to be happening with doses as little as 100 mg daily when taken for long periods. Reports of more serious injury, even death, from DNP use followed. With such highly unfavorable safety reports, the drug was soon pulled. By 1938 it was off the market for good. It has never returned as a medicine for human or animal consumption. Even so, reports of death associated with DNP use continue to this day.
雖然該藥物可能為了預期目的是有效的，但也是在政府審查和批准藥物安全之前提出的。在這方面，DNP有一些非常強大的缺點，沒有多久，副作用的報告開始湧入。有一起這樣的事件涉及加州的十幾名婦女，因為藥物暫時失明。與DNP相關的白內障許多報告，遠至從法國和義大利開始進入。據說在長時間服用時，每天只要服用100毫克的劑量就會發生白內障。來自使用DNP造成更嚴重的傷害甚至死亡的報導接著而來。隨著這種非常不安全的報導，藥物很快就被下市了。到1938年，它已經脫離了市場。它從未作為人類或動物使用的藥物返回。即使如此，與DNP使用相關的死亡報告到今天仍然持續著。
Author’s Note: I was hesitant to even include a profile of dinitrophenol in this book, for fear it might entice someone who otherwise may not have known about it to use it. But ultimately I decided it would be better to include the historical information about the drug. The true story of DNP is a scary one and needs to be remembered. Bodybuilders must understand that the reemergence of underground DNP in the late 1990s was not a revolutionary new achievement in fat loss, but a scary repitition of one of the biggest mistakes of the patent medicine era. It is a drug from a time when an unregulated market was allowing dangerous chemicals like this to harm the public. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) exists today to protect the public from such scenarios. Almost all experts today agree that DNP is a dangerous drug, and is not recommended for weight loss.
作者注：我在這本書中甚至包含二硝基苯酚的簡介感到猶豫不決，因為擔心它可能會誘使某人以其它方式知道它，而去使用它。但最終我決定，如果公開包括藥物的歷史資訊會更好。DNP的真實故事是可怕的，需要被記住的。健美運動員必須明白，上世紀九十年代後期地下DNP的重新出現，並不是減脂的革命性新成就，而是專利醫藥時代最大的錯誤之一。這是在一個不受監管的市場的時代出現的藥物，讓像這樣危險的化學物質對大眾造成傷害。食品和藥物管理局（FDA）今日的存在，是為了保護大眾免於遭受這種情況。幾乎今日所有的專家都同意DNP是一種危險的藥物，不建議用於減肥。
How Supplied:
DNP is not supplied in a form prepared for human or veterinary consumption. It is available as a research or industrial chemical only.
如何提供：
DNP不是以為人類或動物使用準備的形式提供。它僅作為研究或工業化學品使用。
Structural Characteristics:
DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenol) is a cellular metabolic poison with the chemical designation 1-hydroxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene.
結構特點：
DNP（2,4-二硝基苯酚）是化學名稱為1-羥基-2,4-二硝基苯的細胞代謝毒物。
Side Effects:
There are many potential side effects associated with DNP use including increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, nausea, elevated body temperature, insomnia, profuse sweating, rash, skin lesions, decreased white blood cell count, cataracts, coma, and death.
副作用：
與DNP使用相關的許多潛在的副作用包括心率增加，呼吸頻率增加，噁心，體溫升高，失眠，大量出汗，皮疹，皮膚病變，白細胞減少，昏迷和死亡。
Administration:
DNP is not approved for use in humans. Prescribing guidelines are unavailable. A common dose used among bodybuilders is reportedly 2mg per kg of bodyweight per day. This calculates to a dosage of 200 mg per day for a person of approximately 220 pounds of bodyweight. Note that this population tends to retain more lean muscle mass than the average (sedentary) person of the same bodyweight, which may substantially alter the results and side effects of a given dosage. Admittedly, fat loss due to DNP use is highly rapid and extreme, with some people losing as much as .5 to 1 pound of fat weight per day. This can equate to a drop of 15 or 20 pounds in only a few weeks. Given the high risks associated with DNP use, however, it is usually taken for only a few weeks at a time. The strong incidence of side effects is also regarded as an indicator that the drug should be discontinued immediately. Note that most experts regard DNP as a drug with inherent dangers that far outweigh its potential benefits.
給藥：
DNP不被批准用於人類。沒有處方指南不。據報導，健美運動員使用的常用劑量是每天每公斤體重2mg。對於約220磅體重的人，這計算為每天200mg的劑量。請注意，這一類人群的肌肉品質往往比同一體重的平均(久坐)的人有更大的肌肉量，這可能大大地改變相同劑量造成的結果和副作用。的確，由於DNP使用造成的脂肪損失是非常快速和極端的，有些人每天的脂肪重量減少多達0.5磅至1磅。這等於只在幾個星期就減少15或20磅。鑒於DNP使用相關的高風險，通常只一次使用只需要幾個星期的時間。強烈的副作用發生率也被視為應立即停藥的指標。請注意，大多數專家認為DNP是一個具有固有危險遠遠超過其潛在益處的藥物。
Availability:
DNP is not available as a human or veterinary medication in any part of the world. Availability of products intended for human use is entirely in the underground realm, where products, dosages, and safety are not the subject of government approval.
可用性：
DNP在世界任何地方都不能作為人類或動物藥物使用。用於人類使用的產品的可用性完全在地下領域，產品，劑量和安全性都不被政府批准。
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